Need a name for a role

Not knowing anything except what you wrote here I'll add a few suggestions and the reason why I suggest them.

Elder: With much life experience this person might be exceptionally good at finding the right things

Royal/Imperial/State Advisor: As it seems like military in some way, maybe an advisor is someone seeking much information to give the best possible advise.

Requsitions Officer: Again as this sound like something with military then an officer who is not a combat soldier might be more skilled in getting just the right thing.

Oracle/High Priest: Maybe divine guidance in case your game has some form of religious aspect.

That's what I can come up with based on the information given.

That sounds pretty cool! Chancellor is nice. I'll just throw out a suggestion, maybe you'll like it, maybe not, but it never hurts to throw stuff at the wall to see what sticks, right? What about Merchant, or Merchant Trader, or Offworld Trader?

Also, the main reason I was writing was to remind you not to forget the power and appeal of 'promo cards'. As a gamer, I always LOVE promo cards, and many times they can be slightly more powerful or useful than the standard cards, as long as they don't simply replace a card with something better and don't upset the balance. Maybe your 'Chancellor' would make a good promotional card to give out at conventions, or with early pre-orders, etc. Just a thought! :)

Best of luck!
~Dann

...or Researcher as a role / name?

If the ability is too powerful, then I agree, add a penalty. Research needs resources - can there be a cost for this ability?

Just my quick tuppenceworth.

What about either a Scout, Spy, or Intelligence Officer? Maybe their ability doesn't just extend to looking at upcoming cards, but also their opponents cards? I might suggest lowering the number of cards one could look at from 3 to either 2 or 1 in order to keep this role from becoming too powerful. Maybe there is a die roll to determine if the espionage or scouting of an opponents card(s) was successful, with a really poor roll (critical failure) resulting in the person being "caught" and thereby losing a turn, and a really great roll (critical hit) resulting in the ability to see an extra card and/or possibly gaining the ability to spy on another player on the same turn.

Scout.