I decided to come up with a list of things the ubiquitous "board" can actually do in a game. Please add a category if you think I'm missing any. I've come up with this list to help me decide when a card game needs to become a board game and vice versa.
Defines Relative Position
This is probably the most common use of a board. An example would be Risk in which the board shows that some countries are next to other countries.
Stores a State
This is the most glaringly obvious use of the board. In Monopoly, the hotel token proves that your property has a hotel on it. In Risk, a soldier token on a space means that you have a soldier on that space.
Contains Rules
In Settlers of Catan, the forest means that you produce wood. In Chutes and Ladders, when you land on a ladder, you move ahead.
Provides Easy Set-up
This is completely unnecessary, but it appears in some games. Sorry! has predefined spaces for placing your cards: One for the draw pile and one for the discard pile.
Provides Easy Scoring
Ticket to Ride and Carcasonne both eliminate the need for paper and pencil for scoring and use a token for each player to slide along the board and keep track of their score.
Displays Rules
Ticket to Ride has a reference chart printed on the board.
I meant that the position of the "Go" on the Monopoly board is that it is next to Boardwalk on the right and Mediterranean Ave on the left. It doesn't matter that its absolute position is in the corner. The board could be cricular and it would still play the same.
I guess I had absolute positon in the "holds a state" category.
In the end, I just meant position on the board.
Cards can show relative position quite easily. In Magic when you attack you tap the monster card. The defending player then pushes the monster cards that the are using for defence forwards. this shows the relative position of the defending cards to the non defending cards. The taped attacking cards shows the relative postion of the attacking cards to the non-attacking cards.
Where as a board can show the absoulte position of a piece (like in chess) by using a grid.
You're right that cards can show relative position to other cards. A lot of my points about board games can be said about card games as well.